HUMAN RIGHTS

Human Rights are the basic rights and freedoms to which all human beings are entitled, like civil and political rights, the right to life and liberty, freedom of thought and speech/expression, equality before the law, social, cultural and economic rights, the right to food, the right to work, and the right to education. In short, human rights are freedoms established by custom or international agreement that protect the interests of humans and the conduct of governments in every nation.

Human rights are distinct from civil liberties, which are freedoms established by the law of a particular state and applied by that state in its own jurisdiction.

Human rights laws have been defined by international conventions, by treaties, and by organizations, particularly the United Nations. These laws prohibit practices such as torture, slavery, summary execution without trial, and arbitrary detention or exile. Many human rights are secured by agreements between the governments and those they govern, such as the U.S. Constitution. Others are protected by international laws and pressure.

Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.Human Rights are the basic rights and freedoms to which all human beings are entitled, like civil and political rights, the right to life and liberty, freedom of thought and speech/expression, equality before the law, social, cultural and economic rights, the right to food, the right to work, and the right to education .

Human rights is an idea whose time has come. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a call to freedom and justice for people throughout the world. Every day governments that violate the rights of their citizens are challenged and called to task. Every day human beings worldwide mobilize and confront injustice and inhumanity. Like drops of water falling on a rock, they wear down the forces of oppression and move the world closer to achieving the principles expressed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

       

               Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination.These were consider the basic human rights.

United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• Marriage and Family. Every grown-up has the right to marry and have a family if they want to. ...

• The Right to Your Own Things. ...

• Freedom of Thought. ...

• Freedom of Expression. ...

• The Right to Public Assembly. ...

• The Right to Democracy. ...

• Social Security. ...

• Workers' Rights.

• Marriage and Family.

• The Right to Your Own Things.

• Freedom of Thought.

• Freedom of Expression.

• The Right to Public Assembly. 

• The Right to Democracy. 

• Social Security.

• Workers’ Rights.

• The Right to Play.

• Food and Shelter for All.

• The Right to Education. 

• Copyright.

• A Fair and Free World. 

• Responsibility. 
• No One Can Take Away Your Human Rights                                                                                                                                                                                                                              There are six fundamental Rights in India. They are Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right against Exploitation, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, and Right to Constitutional Remedies. The Rights and Fundamental Rights are sections of the Constitution of India that provides people with their rights. These Fundamental Rights are considered as basic human rights of all citizens, irrespective of their gender, caste, religion or creed. etc. These sections are the vital elements of the constitution, which was developed between 1947 and 1949 by the Constitution of India.
  
  
                 Human rights also guarantee people the means necessary to satisfy their basic needs, such as food, housing, and education, so they can take full advantage of all opportunities. Finally, by guaranteeing life, liberty, equality, and security, human rights protect people against abuse by those who are more powerful. India's National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) was created in 1993, as a response to increasing international awareness of human rights, after India entered the global economic arena. The United Nations Human Rights Commission adopted the “Paris Principles”, a guiding light for resolving international human rights issues. For India, it was critical to secure international trade partnership and show compliance with global labour standards, including a refusal to support unethical practices like child labour. While human rights were enshrined in the Indian Constitution, it was the lack of a system to protect and safeguard against exploitation that made it necessary to support charities fighting for children’s rights in India.
  
  Therefore, the Human Rights Commission in India, armed with a defining intent of protecting human rights, provided a definitive framework to NGOs in India, and other initiatives working in the fields of indigenous human rights.
  
  The National Human Rights Commission in India derives its power from The Protection of Human Rights Act (TPHRA). Its composition enjoys a robust legal fortitude, with a panel that features former judges of the Supreme Court, High Court, and people experienced in human rights policy and execution. It is presided by a retired Chief Justice of India, and Chairpersons of national commissions of key human rights concerns - Minorities, India's Scheduled Classes and Tribes, and Women.
   The Functions of the National Human Rights Commission
  NHRC today enjoys a very wide mandate, receiving over 70,000 complaints every year. Through recommendations and requests for inquiries, the Commission seeks to resolve human rights violations across India.
   
  Legal proceedings
  It also can intervene in human rights proceedings, which may be pending before the court. NHRC officials visit jails to inspect living conditions for inmates incarcerated for treatment, reformation or protection.
   
  Instrument of policy
  As a body to oversee policy, the NHRC can review and make recommendations in Constitutional and legal safeguards. It can also review international treaties and events that may compromise human rights.
   
  Human rights literacy
  The NHRC also serves as the basis of human rights literacy in India, initiating awareness of rights through publications, media channels, seminars etc.  Common themes in India's contemporary human rights violation history include labour law, extrajudicial killing, sexual violence and LGBT rights, violence and discrimination against women, children and minorities.
   
  Child rights in India: a vital function of the NHRC
  Child rights are often considered the most critical of all human rights reforms as they define the future for both current and upcoming Indian generations. “Children's rights” have radically changed; from the middle ages, which refused to recognize the concept of a childhood and saw children work side by side with adults to today’s understanding of nurturing a child's unique identity while providing him access to necessities.
   
  Children's rights apply to the special protection and care that minors under the age of 18 are provided. Based on international legislations, these include right to association with both parents, physical protection, food, free education,
  healthcare, and legal protection from violence or discrimination

Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)

Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan 

National Mission for Secondary Education is a centrally sponsored scheme of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, for the development of secondary education in public schools throughout India. It was launched in March 2009. The implementation of the scheme has started from 2009-2010 to provide conditions for an efficient growth, development and equity for all. The scheme includes a multidimensional research, technical consulting, various implementations and funding support. The principal objectives are to enhance quality of secondary education and increase the total enrollment rate from 52% (as of 2005–2006) to 75% in five years, i.e. from 2009–2014.It aims to provide universal education for all children between 15–16 years of age.The funding from the central ministry is provided through state governments, which establish separate implementing agencies. The total budget allocated during the XI Five Year Plan (2002-2007) was ₹2,012 billion (US$29 billion).

Objectives

1. To improve quality of education imparted at secondary level through making all secondary schools conform to prescribed norms.
2. To remove gender, socio-economic and disability barriers.
3. Universal access to secondary level education by 2017, i.e., by the end of the XII Five Year Plan.
4. Universal retention of students by 2020.

Planning for secondary education

• Since the initiation of the National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986, there have been no major changes in the structure and organization of the secondary and higher secondary school systems under the Ninth Plan period.
• The focus in this plan was on minimising the various disparities, to renew the curricula giving importance to vocationalisation and employment-oriented courses. It also gives importance to expanding and diversifying the open learning system, teacher training and ICT. Free education and hostel facilities for girls and integrated education for the disabled children was also brought into highlight, etc.

Participation of private sector

• There was an increased participation of the private sector including non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Currently, these private sectors manage around 51% of the secondary schools and 58% of the higher secondary schools.
• Opportunities were provided for those children who were not able to enroll themselves in formal education systems through national and state open schools by utilising contact-centres and multi-media packages.
• It highly emphasized on the content, process and the quality of education especially the environment education, science, mathematics and computer literacy with the financial help from the central government.
• After the revised NPE policy, 1992, new initiatives like revision of curriculum, resource centres for value education and National Centre for Computer-aided Education etc. have been taken up.
• The appeal lacks in the vocationalisation of education due to the lack of manpower demand and academic restraints etc. Hence, by 2000, only 10% of the students opt for the vocational streams against 25%.